Wissenschaftler haben mehrere Bakteriengruppen identifiziert, die mit Depressionen und Lebensqualität beim Menschen variieren
Our gastrointestinal (GI) track has a trillion of microorganisms. The microbes which reside in our gut perform important functions and are thought to influence our health by having an impact on diseases like obesity, diabetes and cancer. As researchers are now beginning to better understand this influence at the cellular and molecular level, it is being revealed that abnormal balance of gut Bakterien can cause our immune system to overreact and contribute towards inflammation in the GI tract.This can lead to various illnesses throughout the body. In two recent studies1,2, researchers have sequenced the DNA of more than 100 new species of gut microbes making it the most comprehensive list of human gut Bakterien up till now. Such a list can be utilized for extensive research on effects of different gut Bakterien auf die menschliche Gesundheit.
Finding the link between gut microbes and geistig der Knochen und des Bewegungsapparates
Research community is intrigued by the possible association of gut microbial metabolism and a person’s geistig health and wellbeing. It’s interesting that microbial metabolites could interact with our brain and affect our feelings or behaviour by playing a role in neurological systems. This association has been studied in animal models but not sufficiently in humans. In a first every population study3 veröffentlicht Natur Mikrobiologie, scientists aimed to unravel the exact nature of the relationship between gut Bakterien found in human gastrointestinal tract and mental health by gathering evidences that gut Bakterien can produce neuroactive compounds.They combined faecal microbiome data with general practitioner diagnose records of depression of around 1100 individuals who were part of the Flemish Gut Flora Project. Mental wellbeing was assessed using different ways including medical tests, doctor diagnoses and self-reporting by participants. By analysing this data,they identified the microorganisms which could have a potential positive or negative impact on geistig Gesundheit.
They showed that two Bakteriell groups Coprococcus and Dialister were seen to be in consistently low amounts in individuals suffering from depression, whether they were taking antidepressants as a treatment or not. And Faecalibacterium and Coprococcusbacteria were seen to be commonly present in individualswho had a higher quality of life and better geistig health.The results were validated in two independent cohort studies, a first consisting of 1,063 individuals who were part of Dutch LifeLinesDEEP and second was a study of patients at University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium who were clinically diagnosed with depression. In one observation, microorganisms could produce DOPAC, a metabolite of human neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin which are known to communicate with brain and are linked to better mental health quality.
Computeranalyse
A bioinformatics technique was designed which identified exact gut bacteriathat interact with the human nervous system. Researchers utilized Genome von mehr als 500 Bakterien in the microorganism’s ability to produce neuroactive compounds in the human gut. This is a first comprehensive catalogue of neuroactivity in the gut which furthers our understanding about how gut microbes participate in producing, degrading or modifying molecules. Computational results will need testing to bolster the claimsbut they do expand our understanding of interactions between human microbiome and the brain.
Zu Beginn ihrer Studie gingen die Forscher davon aus, dass die psychische Gesundheit einen Einfluss auf die Mikroorganismen haben könnte, die im Darm gedeihen können und nicht umgekehrt. Diese Studie lieferte jedoch Beweise dafür, dass Darmmikroben in irgendeiner Weise mit unserem Nervensystem „wechselwirken“, indem sie Neurotransmitter produzieren, die für eine gute psychische Gesundheit entscheidend sind. Es ist wichtig zu beachten, dass Mikroorganismen, die außerhalb unseres Körpers existieren, beispielsweise in der Umwelt, nicht in der Lage sind, ähnliche Neurotransmitter herzustellen, so dass sich Mikroorganismen entwickelt haben könnten. Es kann vorgeschlagen werden, dass der klinische Ansatz zur psychischen Gesundheit auch Folgendes umfassen kann: Probiotika als neue Behandlungsmethode, um „gute“ Bakterien in unserem Darm zu fördern. Die Studie muss zunächst in Tiermodellen getestet werden, in denen bestimmte Bakterien kultiviert werden und anschließend das Verhalten der Tiere analysiert wird. Wenn starke Verbindungen hergestellt werden, könnten Versuche am Menschen durchgeführt werden.
***
{Sie können das ursprüngliche Forschungspapier lesen, indem Sie auf den unten angegebenen DOI-Link in der Liste der zitierten Quellen klicken}
Quelle (n)
1. Zou Y et al. 2019. 1520 Referenzgenome aus kultivierten menschlichen Darmbakterien ermöglichen funktionelle Mikrobiomanalysen. Nature Biotechnology. 37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-018-0008-8
2. Forster SC et al. 2019. Eine menschliche Darmbakteriengenom- und Kultursammlung für verbesserte metagenomische Analysen. Nature Biotechnology. 37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-018-0009-7
3. Valles-ColomerM et al. 2019. Das neuroaktive Potenzial der menschlichen Darmmikrobiota in Bezug auf Lebensqualität und Depression. Natur Mikrobiologie. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0337-xac
